In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. Mcgregors theory x and theory y mcgregors theory x and.
Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Using mcgregors theory y as a framework for improving student motivation. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in the human side of enterprise, yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused. You may, however, find that you naturally favor one over the other. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Dec 10, 2018 douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. The outcomes of positive outlook at mankind in organizations let people participate in decisionmaking process, encouraging communication for improvement. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s.
Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Read this article to learn about the mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation and its applicability. Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a. Introduction theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor in the 1960s.
Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. Theory x and y was developed by douglas mcgregor, a social psychologist in 1960. Jul 08, 2017 it is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. Differentiate between theory x, theory, y, and theory z managers. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation.
Mcgregor sees these two theories as two quite separate attitudes. The concept of theory x and theory y was first proposed by douglas mcgregor in his book human side of enterprise as a alternative sets assumptions about behavior and nature of people at work. Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Mcgregor s sets forth two alternative views of human nature first view are called theory x and the second view is called theory y. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Read this article to learn about mcgregors theory of x and theory y. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. To start off with, heres a brief definition of mcgregors theory x and theory y. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of direction and structure was required.
It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j. In the human side of enterprise mcgregor shows how theory y affects the management of promotions and. In 1957, an american social psychologist named douglas mcgregor proposed his famous theory x and theory y in his. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison.
In the human side of enterprise mcgregor recognised that theory y was not a panacea for all ills. From this experience the greater formulated two sets of assumptions about human nature theory x, which is a pessimistic view of employees and theory y which is a modern and positive set of assumptions about people at work. While in high school, mcgregor worked as night clerk at the mcgregor institute, a family affair originally established by his grandfather, but managed by his father and his uncle to provide temporary accommodation for around 100 transient workers at a time. Theories of employee motivation theory x and theory y was created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on. Theory x is a conventional approach to motivation, based on negative assumptions. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. This refers to an authoritarian management style, where reward and punishment is seen as the best way to motivate employees to meet objectives. Motivation theory x and theory y free management books.
The definitive guide stepbystep maslows hierarchy of needs. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Pdf theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia. Feb 17, 2014 created using powtoon free sign up at. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. It describes two very different attitudes towards workforce motivation.
Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y shubhabrata bose iiswbm mbaday sec. Mcgregors theory is also from are one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. No matter what it is that you are doing, you have to have the proper motivation if you are going to succeed in the end. Make your own animated videos and animated presentations for free. Social psychologist douglas mcgregor of mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Theory x and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. You might, for instance, have a tendency to micromanage or, conversely, you may prefer to take a more handsoff approach. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Douglas mcgregor s theory incorporates both internal and external motivation.
Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Fortythree years ago, douglas mcgregors the human side of enterprise offered managers a new assumption of management theory y, which would be. While mcgregors theory y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, theory.
Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files newlinedb. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y free download as pdf file. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y 875 assumptions about human behavior in organiza importance. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Mar 21, 20 theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. Theory x and y is about managers beliefs about people and attitudes, which then translates into ways they choose to motivate their employees.
Most managers will likely use a mixture of theory x and theory y. Theory y is difficult to put into practice on the shop floor in large mass production operations, but it can be used initially in the managing of managers and professionals. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles.
Douglas mcgregor, through his wellknown theory x and theory y, drew a distinction between the assumptions about human motivation which underlie. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. Theory x and theory y motivation selfimprovement scribd. For those managers faced with the challenge of douglas mcgregors landmark book. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y in this theory that states that douglas mcgregor wrote a book entitled the human side of enterprise. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with theory y.
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